a CHIRALPAK IG column (4.6 × 250 mm2, 5 μm), and a CHIRALPAK AD-H column (4.6 × 250 mm2, 5 μm). TLC was performed using glass precoated silica gel GF254 plates (Anhui Liangchen Silicon Source Material Co. Ltd., Anhui, China). Curcumin was purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Sichuan, China).

Reference standards of bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin, curdione, curcumol, germacrone, and β-elemene were purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (purity > 98%; Sichuan, China). Methyl cellulose was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA).

Curcumin has the molecular formula of C21H20O6 and the molecular weight of 368.38. The compound was obtained from Sichuan Weikeqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. at a purity of 98%. RIPA lysis buffer, NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine) and JC-1 were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Suzhou, China).

The standards of compounds A1–A35 were purchased from Chengdu Must Biotechnology. (Sichuan, China) and Sichuan WEIKEQI Biotechnology (Sichuan, China), and these compounds were all determined with the purities >98% by HPLC or GC method. Ten batches of DHQYCs were obtained from Jilin Long Xin Pharmaceutical.

The kidney cells of channel catfish (CC-K) was gained from Prof. Lingbing Zeng

from the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of

Fishery Sciences (Wuhan, China). Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin,

bisdemethoxycurcumin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetnic acid, taxol, rotenone, saponin,

sanguinarium chloride, quercetin, schisandrol B, schisandrin A, schisandrin B,

schisandrol A, schisantherin A, genistein, artemisinin, chlorogenic acid, toosendanin,

hyericin, baicalein, baicalin, ginkgolide A, ligustilide, dihydroartemisinin, oxymatrine

and matrine were obtained from Weikeqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China), and the

purity of all natural products ≥ 98%. Rifampicin and erythromycin was purchased

from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).